명상도서관
- 자료유형학위논문
- 저자명김숙현(수경)
- 학회/출판사/기관명동국대학교
- 출판년도2013
- 언어한국어
- 학술지명/학위논문주기박사논문
- 발행사항
- ISBN/ISSN
- 소개/요약The purpose of this dissertation is to bring to light the characteristics of Kanhua Chan which Gaofeng Yuanmiao 高峰原妙 (1238-1295) advocated. To achieve this purpose I investigate The Essentials of Chan by Gaofeng Yuanmiao 高峰和尙禪要 by analyzing it into its thought, teaching and cultivation. The Essentials of Chan, a collection of discourse records of Gaofeng Yuanmiao, the 18th Patriarch of Linji school, contains fifteen years of Gaofeng’s dharma talks starting from the first sermon as the capacity of the new abbot of Shizichansi 獅子禪寺, upon inheriting the dharma (1287, age 50) from his teacher Xueyan Zuqin 雪巖祖欽 (?~1287), until his death. According to the Introduction of The Essentials of Chan, the term ‘chan’ in the title refers to Patriarchal Chan, and ‘essentials’ to Gaofeng’s dharma words, or to be specific, his Kanhua Chan. Thus, The Essentials of Chan can be said to be a collection of dharma talks by Gaofeng who claims that Kanhua Chan expresses most fully the tenets of Patriarchal Chan. Gaofeng was born at Wujiang Prefecture 吳江縣, Suzhou Fu 蘇州府, Jiansu Province 江蘇城 in the Nan-Song Dynasty, and died in 1258 at 58. Having lived in a turbulent period of transition from Song to Yuan Dynasty, the master seems to have chosen to live as a hermit without participating in an exchange with the external world. However, as far as Chan cultivation and teaching are concerned, he possessed a thorough sense of duty more than anyone else. In the history of Chinese Chan he can be assessed as a Chan master who strengthened the status of the Linji school by enhancing the ethos of Linji and Kanhua Chan. Gaofeng belonged to the Poan branch 破庵派 among Huqiu branch 虎丘派 whose founder was Huqiu Shaolong 虎丘紹隆 of the Yangqi branch 楊岐派. It is known that The Essentials of Chan was compiled officially a total of three times. The first edition was published in 1294, a year before Gaofeng entered into nirvana; the second was at Jiyun Monastery 集雲精舍 in Wu commandery 吳郡 in 1358; the third was in the Tripitaka in 1599 when it was canonized along with The Discourse Records of Chan Master Gaofeng Yuanmiao 高峰原妙禪師語錄. The Essentials of Chan is composed of a total of 29 chapters including the General Sermon 普說 (1 section), the Instruction to the Assembly 示衆 (19 sections), the Evening Sermon to a Small Group 晩小參 (3 sections), the Sermon to Chan Practitioners 示禪人 (3 sections), the Writings 書 (2 sections), and the Three Barriers Words 三關語 (1 sections). However, in comparison to The Discourse Records, The Essentials of Chan is divided in content into 61 sections of the dharma words in all. To summarize the thought, teaching, and cultivation in The Essentials of Chan, it is as follows: First, as for the Chan thoughts, it can be classified into those of Patriarchal Chan and Kanhua Chan according to the meaning of The Essentials of Chan. Gaofeng’s view of Patriarchal Chan is well documented in the main body of the book, especially in the section of the General Sermon 開堂普說, in which the doctrine of non-duality 不二 between sentient beings and the Buddha, and that of original Buddhahood 本來成佛 are expounded. Furthermore, in explaining these doctrines, it accepts a double structure when it admits the principle of ‘achieving Buddhahood by newly perfumed seeds’ 新熏成佛 while maintaining the position of original Buddhahood.
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