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The rekindling of a tradition: Menzan Zuiho and the reform of Japanese Soto Zen in the Tokugawa era.
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- 자료유형학위논문
- 저자명Riggs, David E
- 학회/출판사/기관명University of California, Los Angeles
- 출판년도2002
- 언어영어
- 학술지명/학위논문주기
- 발행사항
- ISBN/ISSN
- 소개/요약Japanese Sōtō Zen Buddhism underwent a period of challenge and change in the eighteenth century that enormously altered the doctrines and practices that had sustained it for hundreds of years. Menzan Zuihō, though one of the most illustrious writers and reformers of this period of courageous and creative thinking is mostly remembered in Sōtō Zen circles as merely a meticulous editor of the writings of Dōgen (1200–1254). Under the cloak of simply returning to the old ways, Menzan and other reformers of the period used the long neglected texts of Dōgen in innovative ways to create a vital new tradition based on careful textual learning rather than on secretly transmitted lore. This dissertation re-evaluates Menzan and seeks to bring him forward from his chosen position in the shadow of Dōgen to take his rightful place as one of the major creative thinkers of Sōtō Zen._x000D_ Menzan's investigations of historical sources played a major role in the new interpretation of the writings of Dōgen, and he also was instrumental in the reform of monastic rules, dharma transmission standards, and ordination practices. His approach was to first establish a reliable text and then attempted to interpret it in its own historical context, without relying on centuries of accumulated commentary and customary practice. This dissertation presents translations of selections from Menzan's writings and an analysis of his development of Sōtō doctrine. It also investigates kōan practice in Sōtō, and finds that the modern polarity between Rinzai and Sōtō Zen over kōan practice is not found in Menzan's time._x000D_ These reforms are considered in the context of studies of how communities invent their traditions and are compared to the trends in Japanese literary circles and in Confucian scholarship that emphasize open textual analysis and learning rather than secrete lore. The effect of stringent government controls is evaluated, as well as the competition from a new lineage of Chinese Buddhism, called Ōbaku Zen in Japan, that challenged the standards of practice of Sōtō Zen and influenced the thinking of some of its best people._x000D_
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