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Training Attention: Effects of Meditation on Thinking and Problem Solving.
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- 자료유형학위논문
- 저자명Powers, Chivon Elizabeth
- 학회/출판사/기관명Northwestern University Psychology
- 출판년도2013
- 언어영어
- 학술지명/학위논문주기
- 발행사항
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- 소개/요약A better understanding of how attention training influences problem solving could help people be more productive in everyday life. This research project specifically tests whether strengthening attentional control with meditation training can affect complex cognition like problem solving. We used rebus puzzles, anagrams, and visual closure problems to gauge meditation-related changes in processing styles and overall solving ability. A rapid serial visual presentation task was included for measuring the attentional blink. We compared focused attention meditation (FA) and open-monitoring meditation (OM), which were predicted to induce narrow and broad modes of attention, respectively. We compared solving rates and strategies at the beginning and end of an 8 week period in participants who we trained in either OM or FA and in a wait-listed control group. We expected the two different meditative techniques would generally affect solving rates and specifically affect insight-based and analytical solving styles. We obtained a detailed assessment of the immediate and persistent effects of meditation practice on attention and problem solving by comparing problem solving performance in trainees before and after the extended training period. We expected that FA and OM training would strengthen facility with narrow and broad modes of attention, respectively, and ultimately enhance the trainees' abilities to efficiently search their mental content and find a solution. As predicted, we found OM and FA meditation promoted different attentional skills that influenced the way attention was directed. Also, both styles were immediately supportive for cognitive processing during problem solving. After the training period, we measured participants' EEG patterns in conjunction with performance on problem solving and attention tasks to assess whether the meditation training led to changes in attentional function at the neural level. Resting EEG activity was related to attentional resource allocation during the attentional blink task, and not with anagram solving outcomes. We conclude that meditation training, especially focused-attention, may be generally supportive for productive thinking during problem solving, but more intense or longer term practice is likely necessary to hone attentional skills well enough to alter the neural processes that affect problem solving._x000D_
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