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Mantra Meditation Suppression of Default Mode Beyond an Active Task: a Pilot Study
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- 자료유형학술지논문
- 저자명Simon, R.,Pihlsgård, J.,Berglind, U.,Söderfeldt, B.,Engström, M.
- 학회/출판사/기관명Springer Science + Business Media
- 출판년도2017
- 언어영어
- 학술지명/학위논문주기JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT
- 발행사항Vol.1No.2[2017]_x000D_
- ISBN/ISSN
- 소개/요약For those who have not practiced meditation, sitting quietly with closed eyes may appear to be a form of disengagement. Despite appearances, a majority of meditative practices employ very specific techniques to engage and train the mind and body (Manna et al. 2010). Western categorization of these techniques, based on their objective aims, has resulted in the subgrouping of practices across traditions such as: focused attention (FA), open monitoring (OM), loving kindness (LM), and mantra (MR) (Lutz et al. 2008b; Fox et al. 2016). A combination of these and other methods are often practiced in a single sitting. Meta-analysis of the neurocorrelates of meditation have shown that across these diverse practices and varied years of experience, the most common effect appears to be modulation of a network of brain regions called the default mode network (DMN) (Tomasino et al., 2012, 2014; Fox et al. 2014; Simon and Engström 2015; Josipovic 2014; Josipovic et al. 2012). The DMN is a constellation of brain regions silently active when we are passive, which has provided a new view into the elusive nature of meditative practice. The main hubs of the DMN network are the precuneus, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the left and right inferior parietal cortices (Raichle et al. 2000; Buckner et al. 2008). During periods of rest, anterior and posterior subnetworks within the DMN display heterogeneous anti-correlations with other resting state networks (Chen et al. 2017; Josipovic et al. 2012). Whereas in fMRI experiments where task-conditions are compared to rest, activity in the DMN has been shown to fluctuate in response to goal-directed behavior (Biswal et al. 1995; Shulman et al. 1997; Fox and Raichle 2007; Beaty et al. 2017; Seli et al. 2016). Depending on the type of task being investigated, regions of the DMN have been shown to relatively deactivate upon active engagement of task-positive networks (TPN) (Sheline et al. 2009; Fox et al. 2005; Kelly et al. 2008; Gusnard et al. 2001; Sonuga-Barke and Castellanos 2007). This anti-correlatory relationship with subregions of the DMN has significance in cognition, as the degree of DMN deactivation has been shown to be an indicator of task performance (Kelly et al. 2008).
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