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Meditation-Based Treatment Yielding Immediate Relief for Meditation-Naïve Migraineurs
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- 자료유형학술지논문
- 저자명Tonelli, M. E.,Wachholtz, A. B.
- 학회/출판사/기관명Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam
- 출판년도2014
- 언어영어
- 학술지명/학위논문주기PAIN MANAGEMENT NURSING
- 발행사항Vol.15No.1[2014]_x000D_
- ISBN/ISSN
- 소개/요약Meditation is gaining popularity as an effective means of managing and attenuating pain and has been particularly effective for migraines. Meditation additionally addresses the negative emotional states known to exist with migraines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of meditation as an immediate intervention for reducing migraine pain as well as alleviating emotional tension, examined herein as a negative affect hypothesized to be correlated with pain. Twenty-seven migraineurs, with two to ten migraines per month, reported migraine-related pain and emotional tension ratings on a Likert scale (ranging from 0 to 10) before and after exposure to a brief meditation-based treatment. All participants were meditation-naïve, and attended one 20-minute guided meditation session based on the Buddhist “loving kindness” approach. After the session, participants reported a 33% decrease in pain and a 43% decrease in emotional tension. The data suggest that a single exposure to a brief meditative technique can significantly reduce pain and tension, as well as offer several clinical implications. It can be concluded that single exposure to a meditative technique can significantly reduce pain and tension. The effectiveness and immediacy of this intervention offers several implications for nurses. Migraines, a neurovascular condition experienced as a throbbing, recurring, and often debilitating headache, typically accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and certain sensory sensitivities, affect ∼18.2% of women and ∼6.5% of men in the United States (Goadsby, Lipton, &Ferrari, 2002; Lipton, Stewart, Diamond, Diamond, &Reed, 2001) As a common, but often only acute treatment option, drug therapy has been found to be used by the majority of frequent migraineurs, where over-the-counter pharmaceuticals are used by almost one-half of migraine sufferers and 20% of migraine patients turn, after migraine onset, to prescription medication for relief (Diamond et al., 2007). Although some migraineurs choose to take the pharmaceutical route, medications prescribed for migraines, typically ergots and triptans, are not effective for everyone (Goadsby et al., 2002). Along with their limited efficacy, these medications are also associated with the continuing controversy surrounding prescription overuse and dependency, which introduces a demand for an alternative migraine intervention (Radat et al., 2008). As both a preventative and acute treatment option, meditation has received a lot of attention as a means of aiding chronic pain sufferers in modulating their level of emotional reactivity to pain and ultimately providing them with the tools to control how intensely they experience their pain (Carson, Keefe, Lynch, Carson, Goli, Fras, &Thorp, 2005). Past research discovered that migraineurs who practiced spiritual meditation reported less frequent occurrences of migraine episodes and an increased tolerance of their pain (Wachholtz &Pargament, 2008). An important feature of meditation in relation to pain management is that it directly addresses the negative affective states which are typical with chronic pain. Research has found that frequent migraines are significantly associated with increased negative affect (e.g., anxiety, worry, and irritation), where these emotional states also serve as antecedents of a migraine episode (Lanteri-Minet, Auray, El Hasnaoui, Dartigues, Duru, Henry, … Gaudin, 2003). Buddhist Loving Kindness is a self-regulatory meditation practice that addresses emotionality and allows individuals to obtain the skills necessary for directing kind thoughts and feelings toward the self and others. This type of compassion meditation has offered chronic lower back pain sufferers some relief from their pain (Carson et al., 2005). The present study sought to explore the efficacy of this particular meditation format regarding its ability to quickly reduce both migraine headache–related symptoms and emotional tension, which was investigated as an associated negative affective state. Earlier research suggests that extended meditation-based interventions are effective at alleviating migraine-related pain, as well as decreasing levels of negative emotionality. We hypothesized that after a single brief session of guided meditation, meditation-naïve migraineurs would report an immediate decrease in levels of both pain and emotional tension.
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