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Exploring sleep stability in long term Vipassana meditators and controls using event related potentials and transcranial alternating current stimulation during sleep
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- 자료유형학술지논문
- 저자명Venugopal, R.,Sasidharan, A.,Nair, A.,Marigowda, V.,Kutty, B.M.
- 학회/출판사/기관명Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.
- 출판년도2017
- 언어영어
- 학술지명/학위논문주기SLEEP MEDICINE
- 발행사항Vol.40No.1[2017]_x000D_
- ISBN/ISSN
- 소개/요약Introduction: Long-term meditation is believed to improve many parameters of sleep. However, one or two whole-night polysomnographic recording(s) only allow a correlational evaluation on sleep architecture. To causally evaluate sleep stability among meditators, we are examining the changes in brain oscillatory pattern during sleep, following auditory stimulation (event related potentials or ERPs) as well as following transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). Materials and methods: The participants included Vipassana meditators of different meditation proficiency and matched controls. They are part of a large study with 4-night polysomnography evaluation. First night is the baseline sleep, second night is for auditory ERP, and third and fourth nights are for tACS intervention. Electroencephalogram (EEG) from 24 scalp sites were collected using an EEG cap during the polysomnography. 1000 Hz pure tone, presented every 10 s throughout the sleep, was used for auditory ERP. Short bursts of tACS stimulation was given either at delta frequency during stable non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep or at gamma frequency during stable REM sleep, both using bilateral frontotemporal electrodes on separate nights. Bootstrap statistics was used to compare the pre-stimulus power-spectral changes with that of poststimulus period within each subject, for the standard frequency bands from all electrodes. Results: We present our interim findings based on the data of few participants. Auditory ERPs were associated with event related synchronization in theta frequency, which decreased with sleep depth. In general, delta-tACS during NREM sleep produced more alteration in higher frequency bands (theta, alpha and beta), whereas gamma-tACS during REM sleep produced more changes in lower frequency bands (delta and theta). Despite individual variations, meditators showed distinct patterns of sleep stability during both ERP as well as tACS study. Conclusions: This study would provide a wealth of data showing the stability of brain networks during sleep, evolved as part of meditation proficiency.
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